Key message: Do not start with the name of the material. Start with the function, process, and end of the product’s life.

1. How will my product ‘end up’?

recycling, composting, biodegradation in the environment, incineration, landfill

Why it matters: End-of-life eliminates most materials at the outset

2. What process will I use to produce it?

extrusion, injection moulding, blow moulding, thermoforming, coating

Why it matters: Not every bioplastic works in every technology without compromise.

3. What conditions of use must the product withstand?

temperature, humidity, usage time, contact with food

Why it matters: “Biodegradable” does not mean “not durable in use”.

4. What is my true goal?

CO₂ reduction, regulatory compliance, marketing, functionality, price

Why it matters: Different objectives lead to different material choices.

5. In what waste system will the product function?

Local infrastructure, actual collection, consumer practices

Why it matters: A material that is ‘perfect on paper’ may not work in reality.