Bioplastics are not a single material, they do not have a single characteristic, and they are not automatically “eco-friendly”. Most problems arise from mixing up concepts.

1. PLA = bioplastics?

Misconception: PLA is synonymous with bioplastics

Fact: PLA is one of many bioplastics, although it is the most commonly used according to European Bioplastics data.

2. Bio-based = biodegradable?

Misconception: If a material is made from biomass, it decomposes

Fact: A material can be bio-based and durable (e.g. bio-PE, bio-PET).

3. Biodegradable = compostable?

Misconception: Any biodegradable material is suitable for composting

Fact: Compostability requires specific conditions and standards, not just any biodegradation.

4. Biodegradable = eco-friendly?

Misconception: The word “biodegradable” alone implies low environmental impact

Fact: Eco-friendliness is assessed by life cycle assessment (LCA), not by the name of the material.

5. New concept: persistency

Explanation: Persistency refers to a material’s ability to remain in the environment for a long time, even if it formally decomposes very slowly. This is a key concept in current regulatory and environmental debates.